The Rosetta spacecraft is continuing to circle Comet 67P (also known as Comet C-G) and send back amazing images. The picture accompanying this post was taken on Feb. 6 at a distance of 75 miles from the comet.
Rosetta, a mission by the European Space Agency, is flying along the icy chunk that is the comet, accompanying it on its long voyage to whip around the Sun. As we get closer, the ice of the comet will evaporate more and more, and great jets of gas will be seen coming from the comet. (Ice turns directly into gas in the vacuum of space.) You can see the beginning of this activity on our photo.
For the sake of honesty, we should mention that this 6-second image was processed to make the faint jets appear brighter and more easily visible.
We now know that the comet consists of two sections (called lobes, likes the two parts of your brain) connected by a slender neck. The bigger lobe is about 2.5 miles across, while the smaller one is about 1.5 miles wide. The jets seem to be coming from the neck region, which has been named Hapi, after the god in Egyptian mythology who makes the Nile River flood every year.
As the comet continues toward the Sun for its August closest approach, we expect many more spectacular jets to erupt on its surface. Stay tuned for wonderful images!
To see a first map of the regions on Comet 67P and what Egyptian gods the ESA scientists have named them after, see: http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/55297-comet-regional-maps/
Today the Rosetta spacecraft closed in on Comet 67P (the P stands for periodic comet, meaning it comes around again and again every six and a half years. ) It's also known as Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko (C-G). Look at the amazing image our cameras sent back, taken from a distance of only 177 miles.
The comet and the spacecraft are currently still about half way between the orbit of Jupiter and the orbit of Mars. In this exciting rendezvous, Rosetta will match course with the icy comet and then stay with it as it gets closer and closer to the Sun and its ice begins to "sublimate" (turn from ice directly to a vapor in the vacuum of space.)
We hope to stay with the comet for a year, as it goes inward and then swings back outward again, watching the Sun's light and heat playing with the comet all the while. In November, part of Rosetta will actually land on the icy surface of Comet 67P.
But for now, just enjoy the weird and wonderful image. The comet's shape is definitely not symmetrical. Is it two ice pieces that stuck together in an ancient collision? Have past encounters with the Sun's heat resulted in this odd shape?
The comet is 2.5 miles wide, and you can see details as small as 17 feet (5.3 meters) across on our picture. Can you see the individual "boulders" or "ice rocks" sitting on the comet's surface?
If you'll pardon the expression, what a cool picture!
By the way, click on the photo to see it bigger and with more detail.
On Wednesday, August 6, the European spacecraft Rosetta is going to have a close encounter of the best kind with a comet (a chunk of cosmic ice mixed with dirt.) It's called Comet 67P (the P stands for periodic comet, meaning it comes around again and again every six and a half years.) Its more informal name is Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko, after the two astronomers who discovered it on a 1969 photograph.
In mid-July when our photo was taken, the spacecraft was still more than 7000 miles from the comet, but it was already becoming clearer in the camera. And, as you can see, 67P/C-G is weird looking. Instrument project manager project manager Carsten Güttler said,“The images faintly remind me of a rubber ducky with a body and a head."
What could cause the icy body of this comet, which is roughly two and a half miles across, to look like this. One possibility is that it is really two comets stuck together, something we have seen in other comets (such as 8P and 103P). Or maybe it was one comet that broke apart into pieces when it got too close to the gravity pull of a big planet like Jupiter, and this odd fragment is all that's left.
Another possibility is that early in its life the comet got hit by other chunks of cosmic ice or rock, carving out big pieces of it and leaving great rounded valleys behind.
We should learn more when we get closer to this ancient icy visitor, and especially when part of Rosetta attempts a landing. Stay tuned.
In the meantime, here is a great animation of the images from this past week, showing the comet spinning in the majestic darkness of
space: http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/54356-rotating-view-of-comet-67pc-g-on-14-july-2014/
